What is Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy?

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy is a type of cerebral palsy or neurological disorder that affects a person’s ability to control their muscle coordination and tone.

Individuals with dyskinetic cerebral palsy often exhibit involuntary muscle movements, which can be more noticeable when they are making an effort to move about.

Some common types of involuntary movements associated with dyskinetic cerebral palsy are:

• Dystonia. Voluntary, sustained, or repetitive muscle contractions that cause twisting, repetitive, or abnormal postures.
• Athetosis (Athetoid Cerebral Palsy). This is a slow, writhing, and continuous worm-like movement of the limbs or trunk and the neck, face, and tongue can also be affected. Athetosis usually occurs as a result of injury to the basal ganglia or as a characteristic of dyskinetic cerebral palsy.
• Chorea. These movements can look like exaggerated fidgeting, and can include twitching, slouching, winking, furrowing the brows, sticking out the tongue, shrugging the shoulders, and keeping the feet and legs in constant motion.

What Causes Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy?

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy is typically caused by a brain injury such as lesions in the basal ganglia or thalamus, which can occur during brain development while in utero, during labor and delivery, or in the early stages of a child’s life.

The severity varies and patients may have challenges walking independently and require assistive devices like braces, walkers, or wheelchairs. 

It is the second most common type of cerebral palsy, accounting for 12-14% of cases.

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy?

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy is a type of cerebral palsy characterized by involuntary movements caused by damage to the parts of the brain that control motor function.

The signs and symptoms can vary in severity but typically include the following:

• Involuntary Movements. Generalized dystonia (all over the body), focal dystonia (one part of the body), athetosis, and chorea all are signs of dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Dystonia is slow, twisting, repetitive movements, often leading to abnormal postures. Athetosis is defined as slow, writhing movements of the hands, feet, arms, or legs, especially noticeable when the person is trying to move voluntarily. Chorea is irregular, unpredictable, jerky movements that appear to flow randomly.
• Muscle Tone Abnormalities. Fluctuations between hypertonia (stiff, rigid muscles) and hypotonia (low muscle tone or floppiness) can make coordinated and controlled movements difficult.
• Difficulty with Voluntary Movements. Trouble with precise movements like grasping objects, eating, or writing that may worsen with stress, excitement, or attempts at voluntary action.
• Facial and Oral Motor Impairments. Involuntary facial movements, such as grimacing and difficulty controlling tongue and lips, leading to drooling, trouble speaking (dysarthria), or swallowing problems (dysphagia).
• Poor Posture and Balance. Musculoskeletal deformities and the inability to maintain stable body positioning, especially while sitting or standing and difficulty maintaining head and neck control.
• Symptoms Worsen with Activity. Symptoms tend to become more pronounced during voluntary movement or emotional stress but may improve during rest or sleep.
• Speech and Communication Difficulties. Impaired coordination of muscles used for speech can cause slow or slurred speech along with difficulty articulating words clearly (dysarthria) or an intellectual disability.

If you suspect that your baby has dyskinetic cerebral palsy, a neurologist or specialist can provide an accurate diagnosis through clinical evaluation and imaging studies like MRI scans. 

Early intervention and treatment options with therapies like physical therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy can help improve motor control and quality of life.

How Is Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy Diagnosed?

Diagnosing dyskinetic cerebral palsy involves a comprehensive evaluation by healthcare professionals, including medical history, physical and neurological examinations, and diagnostic imaging.

Here’s what the diagnostic process may look like:

Medical History

A doctor may ask about complications during pregnancy, delivery, or early neonatal period (e.g., lack of oxygen, infections, prematurity).

You should note any delays in milestones such as sitting, crawling, or walking, which may indicate motor issues.

Information about genetic or neurological disorders in the family may also be relevant.

Physical and Neurological Examination

This involves observation of movement patterns, since involuntary movements (dystonia, athetosis, or chorea) and fluctuations in muscle tone may be indicative of cerebral palsy or similar disorders.

Hyperactive reflexes or persistence of infantile reflexes may also indicate neurological damage.

A doctor will also evaluate posture, balance, and transitions between high and low muscle tone.

Difficulty with voluntary movement control or fine and gross motor skills such as grasping or walking may raise concerns.

Imaging and Diagnostic Tests

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) will be performed to identify brain damage or abnormalities, particularly in the basal ganglia and thalamus (regions associated with motor control).

A Computed Tomography (CT) scan may be used if MRI is unavailable.

If seizures are suspected, an EEG or electroencephalogram may be conducted.

In some cases, tests may be performed to rule out metabolic or genetic disorders that mimic cerebral palsy symptoms.

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Observation Over Time

Dyskinetic movements & symptoms may become more apparent as the child grows and motor demands increase.

Regular monitoring of developmental progress helps confirm the diagnosis.

The diagnosis may include excluding other causes of involuntary movements, such as genetic disorders, metabolic diseases, or acquired brain injuries.

If your child exhibits symptoms like fluctuating muscle tone, involuntary movements, or developmental delays, referral to a pediatric neurologist, developmental pediatrician, or movement disorder specialist is crucial for an accurate diagnosis.

Early and accurate diagnosis enables timely interventions, such as physical, occupational therapists, and speech therapy, to improve the child’s motor skills and quality of life.

How Is Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy Treated?

The treatment of dyskinetic cerebral palsy focuses on managing symptoms, improving motor function, and enhancing quality of life.

While there is no cure, a multidisciplinary approach tailored to the individual’s needs can lead to significant improvements. 

Physical and Occupational Therapy

Physical therapy helps improve strength, coordination, and mobility.

Techniques include stretching, exercises, and positioning to manage muscle tone and prevent contractures.

Occupational therapy focuses on developing fine motor skills and adaptive strategies for daily activities, such as eating, dressing, writing, and other developmental milestones.

Speech and Language Therapy

This form of therapy helps individuals with speech difficulties (dysarthria) improve communication skills, articulation and clarity. 

For those with severe speech impairments, augmentative and alternative communication or AAC devices or communication boards can provide alternative ways to communicate.

Swallowing Therapy

Swallowing therapy addresses feeding and swallowing difficulties to ensure adequate nutrition and prevent aspiration.

For individuals with swallowing difficulties, a dietitian may recommend specific food textures or supplemental nutrition to ensure adequate intake.

Medications

Various medications are used to treat dyskinetic cerebral palsy, including but not limited to:

• Antispasmodics. Drugs like intrathecal baclofen, diazepam, or dantrolene may be prescribed to reduce muscle stiffness and spasms.
• Botulinum Toxin (Botox). Injections can target specific muscles to reduce dystonia or spasticity.
• Dopaminergic Medications. In some cases, medications like levodopa may help reduce dystonic movements.
• Anticholinergics. Medications like trihexyphenidyl can be used to control abnormal involuntary movements.

Assistive Devices

Mobility aids like wheelchairs, walkers, or braces can enhance mobility and independence, while orthotic devices like splints or braces may be used to improve posture and prevent contractures.

Modified utensils, writing tools, or computer devices can aid with every day activities.

Surgical Interventions

In cases of severe spasticity, a selective dorsal rhizotomy or SDR procedure reduces muscle stiffness by cutting certain sensory nerve fibers.

Orthopedic surgery may be necessary to correct joint deformities, orthopedic disorders, improve posture, and enhance mobility.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an experimental treatment for severe dystonia, involving electrical stimulation of the brain.

Behavioral and Psychological Support

Counseling or therapy can help address emotional or psychological challenges, such as frustration, anxiety, or depression, that may arise due to physical limitations.

Alternative and Complementary Therapies

Techniques such as hydrotherapy, acupuncture, or yoga may complement traditional treatments to improve relaxation, flexibility, and overall well-being.

Family and Caregiver Support

Training and education for caregivers on handling symptoms, using assistive devices, and supporting the individual’s development are critical.

Support groups and community resources can provide emotional and practical assistance.

Our Law Firm’s Experience with Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy Lawsuit Settlements

We’re a Chicago cerebral palsy law firm specializing in medical malpractice with extensive experience representing clients in cerebral palsy malpractice, including dyskinetic cerebral palsy and spastic cerebral palsy. 

We have successfully litigated numerous cases where patients suffered harm due to cerebral palsy malpractice, successfully securing compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering. 

Our expertise in this area often involves collaborating with medical experts to uncover negligence and advocate for their clients’ rights. 

We focus on clients in Chicago, Illinois, and the surrounding areas. 

Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy Common Questions and Answers

1. What is dyskinetic cerebral palsy? 

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy is a neurological condition characterized by involuntary, uncontrollable writhing movements and fluctuating muscle tone caused by damage to the brain regions responsible for motor control, such as the basal ganglia.

2. What are the risk factors for dyskinetic cerebral palsy?

Risk factors for dyskinetic cerebral palsy include oxygen deprivation during birth, premature birth, low birth weight, severe jaundice, preterm delivery, maternal infections during pregnancy, and genetic or metabolic conditions affecting brain development.

3. Is dyskinetic cerebral palsy caused by medical malpractice?

In some cases, dyskinetic cerebral palsy can, be caused by medical malpractice if preventable factors like oxygen deprivation, delayed delivery, or failure to treat severe jaundice occur during pregnancy, labor, or postnatal care.

4. Can dyskinetic cerebral palsy be caused by doctors?

Yes, dyskinetic cerebral palsy can be caused by doctors if medical negligence occurs during pregnancy, delivery, or newborn care. 

For example, failing to address fetal distress, delaying a necessary cesarean section, or improperly using delivery tools can result in brain lesions or injury that lead to cerebral palsy.

That said, not all cases or types of cerebral palsy are due to medical error or negligence. Some arise from natural complications or factors beyond a doctor’s control.

5. Can you sue if your child has dyskinetic cerebral palsy?

Yes, you can sue if your child’s dyskinetic cerebral palsy was caused by medical negligence during pregnancy, delivery, or postpartum care. 

To have a valid dyskinetic cerebral palsy malpractice case, you must prove that a healthcare provider’s actions or inaction breached the standard of care and directly caused the condition. A successful lawsuit can provide compensation for medical expenses, therapy, and other long-term needs.

6. Will a confirmation of dyskinetic cerebral palsy automatically lead to a valid legal claim against the health care provider?

A confirmation or diagnosis of dyskinetic cerebral palsy alone may not automatically lead to a valid legal claim against the healthcare provider, as it requires demonstrating that the condition resulted from the healthcare provider’s negligence or improper medical care during pregnancy, labor, or delivery. 

However, a confirmed diagnosis of dyskinetic cerebral palsy can be a critical piece of evidence in building a malpractice case if there is evidence of negligence contributing to the child’s condition.

7. What are the long term impacts of dyskinetic cerebral palsy?

The long-term impacts of dyskinetic cerebral palsy can include persistent involuntary movements, difficulties with mobility, speech, and fine motor skills, challenges with daily activities, and potential emotional, social, and educational limitations requiring lifelong support and care.

8.  If my child dies as a result of dyskinetic cerebral palsy, will the malpractice claim die as well?

If a child dies as a result of dyskinetic cerebral palsy, a malpractice claim may still proceed as a wrongful death lawsuit on behalf of the child’s estate and surviving family members, depending on the circumstances and applicable laws.

9. Does the state of Illinois apply any limits on damages related to a dyskinetic cerebral palsy diagnosis?

Illinois does not have statutory limits or caps on cerebral palsy-related damages, meaning there is no cap on the amount of compensation that can be awarded for economic or non-economic damages in medical malpractice cases. 

However, it’s essential to consult with a legal professional or check for any updates in the law prior to making a claim for malpractice related to dyskinetic cerebral palsy, as regulations can change over time.

10. How much compensation can I receive in a dyskinetic cerebral palsy lawsuit?

The amount of compensation you can receive for a dyskinetic hemiplegic cerebral palsy claim in Illinois and elsewhere varies widely depending on factors such as the severity of the injury, the long-term impact on the child and family, medical expenses, lost income, and pain and suffering. 

Settlements or jury awards can range from thousands to millions of dollars. Consulting with a qualified attorney who specializes in birth injury claims in your area can give you a better estimate based on the unique circumstances of your case.

11. What should you do if you think your child has dyskinetic cerebral palsy?

If you think your child has dyskinetic cerebral palsy, consult a pediatrician or specialist to evaluate their development and confirm a diagnosis through tests like MRIs or developmental assessments. Early intervention with therapies such as physical, occupational, or speech therapy can significantly improve your child’s abilities. 

If you suspect a healthcare provider’s negligence caused the condition, consider consulting a birth injury attorney to explore your legal options.

12. How do you prove a birth injury resulting in dyskinetic cerebral palsy occurred?

To prove a birth injury happened due to malpractice or negligence, you must show that a healthcare provider breached the standard of care during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or neonatal care. 

This involves presenting medical records, expert testimony, and evidence of actions (or inactions) that led to preventable complications, such as oxygen deprivation or trauma during birth. 

Additionally, it must be proven that this negligence directly caused the brain injury that resulted in the dyskinetic cerebral palsy that has been diagnosed. Expert witnesses are often critical in establishing both the breach and causation.

13. Can you file a malpractice claim for dyskinetic cerebral palsy?

Yes, you can file a medical malpractice claim for dyskinetic cerebral palsy if you believe that it stemmed from a healthcare provider’s negligence or medical team errors during prenatal care, labor, or delivery. Filing a claim allows you to seek compensation for the damages incurred as a result, including medical expenses, pain and suffering, and other losses. 

It’s advisable to consult with a qualified attorney experienced in cerebral palsy cases in your area to understand your legal rights and options for pursuing a claim.

Find Out If You Have A Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy Claim In Chicago, Illinois

Do you think you have a malpractice case due to a dyskinetic cerebral palsy diagnosis that occurred in Illinois?

If you are located in Chicago or the surrounding areas, contact the experienced Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyers today for a free consultation.